Japanese Men Drink, Eat Fatty Food, Have Fun and Die
Ikeda A, Kawachi I, Iso H, Inoue M, Tsugane S, & JPHC Study Group (2011). Gender difference in the association between social support and metabolic syndrome in Japan: the ‘enkai’ effect? Journal of epidemiology and community health, 65 (1), 71-7 PMID: 19933686
‘Social support, in particular emotional support, has been linked to reduced cardiovascular incidence as well as improved survival following established disease’ (2011, p.71)’…
The assumption is that social support is good for your health and well-being, right? Men hanging out together is always a preferable practice to men bottling up their shite and ultimately exploding, vaporising or whatever. That is where the ‘men’s shed‘ movement sprung from, an earnest attempt by some good-hearted people to recreate a time and place where men would sit around and yack about anything, so long as it completely lacked substance. The gain, as such, comes through ‘safe’ intimacy with others.
However, Ikeda et al. (2011) question this assumption, noting that ‘the pattern of association between social support and health outcomes’ (p.76) is not only gender but also ‘culturally contingent’ (p.76). What might be true for men in the United States, just say, might not necessarily be true for men, as here in this study (2011), in Japan. In fact, the authors (2011) found that many men in Japan who engage in the after-work ritual called ‘enkai’ (p.71) or ‘drinking meeting’ (p.71), were indeed less stressed than their go straight home counterparts…
‘The cultural context where socialising takes place for Japanese men is the ‘enkai,’ which take place after work, and are a means for both strengthening social cohesion (among men) in the same work place, as well as letting off steam and emoting to each other about their problems’ (2011, p.74).
These men were also much more inclined to get pissed as farts and eat fatty food until their clogged arteries strained, ‘no more!’ (2011, p.74). Hence, the question has to be asked: do the pros outweigh the cons in this highly entertaining form of social support? Ikeda et al.(2011, p.74) seem to tilt toward the harm trounces the benefit argument, contextualising enkai within a workplace culture that demands suck arse servility, even long after the whistle has blown.
So, social support can be toxic to men’s health and well-being…
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Maybe heart disease is a price worth paying for having co-workers and bosses with whom you have social relationships as well as professional ones. Japanese companies are extremely reluctant to lay people off unless there is no other choice. This is something that they achieve to some extent by putting a large share of annual compensation into across the board profit sharing bonuses rather than regular base pay — something that is economically equivalent to favoring across the board paycuts over layoffs. These companies also have much flatter pay scales than non-Japanese companies.
One plausible explanation for how Japan manages this, while other nations do not, is that all that time spent drinking with co-workers (and singing the company song and exercising in the morning, and living in company housing together, etc.) is that it humanizes workers as members of the same “in” social group as their co-workers, and thus makes it much harder to lay someone off and much easier to accept financial sacrifice for a co-worker.
The benefiits to a rank and file factory or office worker of company loyalty to him, preventing unemployment and impoverishment that could be devistating to one’s health in a society like Japan with a relatively thin public sector safety net compared to other OECD nations (Japan has the smallest public sector as percent of GDP of any developed country), may outweigh the health costs of lots of partying.
Thank you for that valuable insight. It reminds me that too much health promotion is aimed at merely stopping people from doing ‘something’ that seemingly might cause them harm. That sense of connectedness between Japanese workers might have some harmful consequences, yes, but it also might have many benefits. Both cause and effect require careful consideration and analysis.